Unit 20 Single Camera Techniques
Research:
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Documentary: A single camera technique is when a production such as documentaries, dramas and comedies use just one camera for filming
Tv drama: Use Multi-cam set-ups because TV dramas take lace in different scenes meaning that multiple angles will be needed to capture expressions.
Youtube Vlog: A single camera set up would be most practical for a Vlogger as it would first be cheaper and as they would always be on the go it would be harder to keep setting up before recoding as the whole purpose of a vlog is to have raw footage .
Soap/Sitcom: For soaps you would generally use multi cam
Advertisement: With advertisement you would normally use a large camera or multiple depending on the size of the advert. As it could be focusing on one thing like a new drink or could be on a sport and use multiple areas.
Sports Events: Sport events would use multiple cameras to focus on different places like a goal in football and focusing on the crowd or the players ect. This is done as many things need to be captured at once.
Research:
The Definition of Single Camera Production:
Single camera production is a way of filming television programs or movies. Single camera productions show the audience the scene or shot through one camera, making each shot look like it has been taken individually.
The Benefits And Limitations of Using One camera:
One Benefit of using one camera in production is that it allows the director to be more free in their creation and gives it a more organic feel to the project.
Although one con about using one camera is that it only captures one angle and would be a limitation in films that use a live audience.
In contrast it is normally used in comedy stand ups and documentaries according to the source by https://riannehillsoriano.com/blog/filmmaking-guide-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-shooting-with-single-camera-and-multi-camera-set-ups/ saying one-camera shooting set-up allows the production to strive towards perfection of the scene’s lighting and art requirements, as well as the blocking of the actors.
Were-as the primary disadvantage of a one-camera set-up is how it requires more time to shoot, as covering all camera positions and angles would mean having to repeat shooting scenes more than what a multi-camera set-up would require also found by https://riannehillsoriano.com/blog/filmmaking-guide-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-shooting-with-single-camera-and-multi-camera-set-ups/
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The Benefits And Limitations of Using Multi-cameras:
Firstly multi cameras are use in large productions like movies and shows ass they would like to capture more than one scene and different angles. Also in a source found in https://riannehillsoriano.com/blog/filmmaking-guide-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-shooting-with-single-camera-and-multi-camera-set-ups/ it says in the production of “The Matrix” used a number of still cameras to infuse a series of shots as special visual effects in the scene of Neo avoiding the bullets around him in slow motion. A large downside to using multi-cameras for production is that it is very expensive even for rental as well as purchasing the attachments and technology as it is expensive.
But This allows two or more cameras to shoot the footage with perfect continuity coming from the cameras’ simultaneous recording of the same scene.(from https://riannehillsoriano.com/blog/filmmaking-guide-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-shooting-with-single-camera-and-multi-camera-set-ups/)
The Definition of Multi-Camera Production:
Multi-camera refers to any process of filming where more than one camera is used to record footage. It is now more commonly employed in Live TV, to allow the editor or director to cut between cameras at their discretion.
https://www.slinkyproductions.co.uk/spotlight-on-multi-camera-filming/
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Movements:
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Tracking: Moving In/Out Left/Right.
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Zooming: Camera lens moving In or Out the subject.
Tilting: Camera moves Up/Down always stationary.
Panning: Cameras only movies Left/Right camera stays still.
Stedicam: Camera follows subject by a camera operator.
Handheld: Camera isn't mounted and is held by a camera man adding texture to it.
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Angles\Shots:
Birds eye view: Looking down at point of interest from above.
Warms eye view: Taken from below looking up at point of interest.
High/Low angle: Shot taken from diagonal from Below/Above
Canted angle: An unbalanced shot.
Wide Angle: Shot taken from a distance to capture more than two subjects.
Two Shot: Shot taken at eye level that frames two subjects.
Over the shoulder: A shot taken from behind a subject.
Point of view: From subjects line of sight.
Establishing shot: A shot taken from extreme distance.
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Settings:
Framing:
Extreme Long Shot: The camera focus is on the location. There is no subject.
Long Shot: The camera focus is on subjects whole body Head-Toe.
Medium Long Shot: On subjects body from Knees up.
Mid shot: Head-Waist.
Medium close-up: Camera focus on subjects Upper Torso.
Close-Up: The camera focuses on subjects profile Head-Shoulder.
Big Close-Up: Eye-Mouth focuses on subjects Facial expressions.
Extreme Close-Up: Focuses on subjects facial elements.
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Camera techniques
Aperture:
Aperture is the opening in the lens. When you hit the cameras shutter release button a hole opens that allows your cameras image sensor to catch a glimpse of the scene your capturing
Focal Length:
one of the most common uses for zoom lenses is to zoom in on objects that are far away. While this flexibility might seem tempting for getting close to awkward objects there are other benefits of zoom lenses when taking portraits in front of vast spread of scenery- Background Compression.
Focal lengths: 18 28 35 50 80 135 200 300
Focus:
Focus is the process of capturing your subject in a crisp sharp image. Weather using manual focus or auto-focus controls your camera, there is no fixing an out of focus photo even sing the best software.
Shutter speed:
Shutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is open.
Shutter Speeds: 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500
In the first scene of Stormzys latest music video, the use of a close-up (signal to the audience that something is important) it shows the subject's facial features highlights her effortless NVC (6:12). Further on in the scene, Stormzy makes it clear he is above everyone else just by his dominant NVC and costume alone (6:20). As the subject stands powerfully and authoritatively, as shown by the stern mean facial expression.
The use of the low camera angle evoking a psychological effect by making the subject above, which the camera is angled at, look strong and powerful. Meaning Stormzy Is showing authority as it automatically makes the audience feel less superior.
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Furthermore, Stormzy's choice of costume, Prada also adds to the statement that he is trying to make as the colour, lime makes him stand out from the rest as lime green is a bright, bold colour, especially when put among others. Also having another subject in matching colours and brands to help lint your clothes is a bougie experience and implies that he doesn't need to do anything as he has people to take care of it for him, an insight into the lavish lifestyle he lives. Stormzy is being represented as higher class as he sesms to have lots pf lavish clothes cars and houses.
The use of slow motion and non-diegetic atmospheric sounds to fill the silence creates suspense as if something dramatic is about to take place.
In the next scene, Stormzy is captured sitting down on a red chair almost like a throne. (6:53)
The use of the over-the-shoulder shot to capture the entrance of the stunning woman dressed in all black makes him feel like a king as he stays seated upon her arrival showing he is the highest authority. Also, the spotlight makes him the center of attention (6:58). The use of star appeal and Mel Gate's theory as she has her skin on show and other female subjects also drags the attention of the audience as she is pretty and elegant and the way the doors are like she's a prize (7:01). And In Stormzys lyrics he says "if we ever played a game called guess who's winning, and you open up the door I'll be in the room chilling" implying he never losses and says "there will never be a time where me and yous twinning. why? Different status." Almost brags about how much success he has that his style is so elegant and different no one will ever be in the same lane as him.
After that scene, Stormzy alternates between different scenes with costumes and settings from white yellow, and black contrasting from light colors to white. Also, the change in setting from a big grand white mansion to a studio to a conference room, a room with his friends and then a garage that has his Rolls Royce in showing his different personas and modes as he is a big artist, he has to juggle personas every day. (7:45)
After this large scene, the focus shifts from Stormzy to the whole black community and a non-diegetic narrative voice comes and everyone is dressed in white showing purity and royalty as white is an expensive and royal color.
The aperture is around 16 reason for this as it focuses on both of them showing they are both as important following the theme of the narration (7:59). the shutter speed is around 1/250.the iso around 1600.Alson the focus n every body to show they are the main subjects.The use of a two-shot shows the emotional reaction and then the change of shot to a long shot to reveal the detail of the location and another to close-up to draw the audience's attention to the main characters and communicate the importance of their presence, reactions, and behaviour. The use of slow motion adds to the effect of seriousness but majestic feel of the scene. And the use of a Steadicam to follow the subjects as they walk towards the stairs. The use of the low angle is a constant shot being brought up throughout the video showing power and as the narrator says "Our genes are enriched" implying we are made to be great. Also in this scene, Stormzy introduces several big influential bodies showing off the black excellence and the wide range of contacts he has once again proving how big he is in the scene of music (9:35). And the use of panning across the balcony to capture everyone is powerful and it shows everyone as one. And the use of the wide angle (This has the effect of seeming to exaggerate perspective) to capture everyone at the end makes the scene feel grand.(9:45)
Firstly the sound is diegetic to help the audience understand what's happening on screen and create tension, suspense, and excitement. Using a monologue. The subject David says the sloth is very vulnerable as it is an easy target as it doesn't move fast. The sloth's vulnerability is shown through the use of a Pov shot as it shows the sloth's point of view of its environment as it is tucked away into the tree looking down at the subject as well.The poverties also gives the audience an iSight of what sloths go through.
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Furthermore the use of a big close-up to show the sloth's facial features (0:14) not only its facial features but its large long claws it has to climb up and down the tree. Furthermore the background sound of nature and its natural habitat making it realistic
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The use of the time-lapse shows how as humans we are way quicker than sloths as we can complete multiple tasks while the sloth is still trying to complete one(2:29) to also present as truthful a testimony of the people and the times as possible. The use of zooming in to establish the sloth's weakness as David said the sloth is half blind and half death, zooming in on those key features to help highlight itself also makes it appear larger than life.
The sound technique throughout the documentary is a voice over providing information for the viewers as it makes it educational and kept them intrigued with the life and nature of a sloth. With highboy lighting but meaning the ISO would have to be lowered.
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The use of straight cuts contridict the sloth as it is known to be a slow animal but the straight cuts are quick. Straight cuts are also the foundation of continuity in editing, which is the process of maintaining a film's cohesiveness throughout.
Furthermore thesis long take as t is normally done when filming documentaries.
The use of the shutter speed 1/100 allowing in only a certain amount of light in.
The use of focal length 35 (0:46) to highlight the sloth as the subject. and the blur of the background coyotes the fact the sloth is half blind and half death and the background being blurred allows the audience to imagine what the sloth sees.
Also the iso being around 1600 with the amount light being let in.
The aperture is 2.8 this allows the audience to see at finer details.
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In the first couple seconds of the scene the use of an over the shoulder shot, this type of shot is used to establish eye-line of where each character in the scene is looking. It presented immediately adding intensity of the interview as it show the investigator is the dominant force in the scene. The use of the editing technique shot reverse shot shows theres constant dialogue between the two subjects. The interviewee NVC shows how nervous he is as he seems shaky and uncomfortable also trailing and tracking all the movements being made suggesting he feels trapped. He also seems to be fidgety and blinks alot thanks to the use of the close up the audience is able to pick up all these small details. This all adding to his naive act he's trying o play.
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The subject seems to be a lower class citizen as he's costume is all black wearing a hoodie and a black t-shirt and doesn't seem to b wearing any accessories like jewellery leading the audience to believe he may be young.
The use of the non-diegetic score add to the suspense of the investigation. The scene looks like it was a single camera production as it also follows he 180 degree rule as the camera doesn't switch sides and keeps within 180 degrees and keeps the subjects int ehsame piston meaning the audience won't get confused on which side the subjects are on.
Also the use of a reaction shot to capture the the other subjects reaction to his real personality. The dialogue between the two subjects seems very one sided as the investigator is playing the aggressor and the other subject playing passive.
The use of the two shot camera when the interviewee says 'what do you wanna know' shows the other subject has changed roles in the scene and has now become the aggressor and the investigator now plays passive.
The change in the subjects attitude shows he has now become more confident and his NVC has changed to sitting back and with the use of the close-up which was used to Express his emotions. Also used to capture nuances on the actor's face that the audience might otherwise miss in longer or wider shots. You can see he is now smirking whereas he was closed up and only SPOKE when spoken to The change in mood shows the audience it was just an act used to persuade people as he looked confused and naive. The use of the dim lighting adds to the mysterious feeling as they are trying to gain knowledge of what has happened. The use of the mode of address and repletion when the subject says 'my friend' shows how frustrated he is. The use of the low aperture around 1.4 when using the over the shoulder shot to highlight who the main subject is also using focusing when using dialogue to allow the audience to know who to pay attention to.
Treatment:
